BYA1: AS MODULE 1

Molecules, Cells and Systems

> SECTION 10.1

The cell is the basic unit of structure in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic organisms;

Keywords: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

> SECTION 10.2

The electron microscope and the technique of cell fractionation
may be used to study ultrastructure;

Keywords: Microscopes, Cell wall, Nucleus, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Chloroplast

> SECTION 10.3

Properties of plasma membranes are related to the passage
of substances through them;

Keywords: Fluid mosaic model, Diffusion, Osmosis, Water potential, Active transport, Endocytosis (Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis), Exocytosis

> SECTION 10.4

Large molecules are important in the structure and
functioning of cells;

Keywords: Carbohydrates, Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Proteins and Amino Acids, Lipids, Tri(acyl)glycerides, Fats

> SECTION 10.5

Enzymes are proteins which control biochemical reactions in cells;

Denaturation, Induced fit, Changes in pH, temp, concentration, substrate, Competitive, allosteric, irreversible inhibitors, end-product inhibition

> SECTION 10.6

Tissues contain similar cells, and organs are structures made
of different tissues;

Blood and blood vessels (arteries, veins), Tissues (connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial), Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Granulocytes

> SECTION 10.7

The blood system is a mass flow system which moves substances from one part of the body to another. It is linked with exchange surfaces;

Capillaries, Gas exchange, Diffusion, Lungs, Alveolar, Ventilation (measurement), Coordination of breathing (Inspiration, Expiration, Forced expiration), Control of breathing (Breathing rate, Sensory nerves, Motor nerves)

> SECTION 10.8

The function of the heart plays a central role in the circulation of blood and relates to the level of activity of an individual;

Cardiac anatomy, Cardiac cycle (Atrial systole, Ventricular systole and diastole, regulation, pressure changes), Electrophysiology, Blood pressure, Cardiac output, Regulation of heart rate (automatic nervous system, hormones, electrolyte balance)