BYA5 A2 MODULE 5

Inheritance, Evolution and Ecosystems

> SECTION 14.1

Continuity is maintained by the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Meiosis, Mendelian Inheritance (Mendel's first law, Mendel's second law), Multiple alleles, Co-dominance, Sex linkage, Chi-squared test

> SECTION 14.2

Genetic and environmental factors influence variation
between individuals

Normal distribution, Independent assortment, Crossing over, Fertilization,
Gene mutation, Discontinuous and continuous variation, Advantage of variation

> SECTION 14.3

Selection can influence the frequency of alleles in population

Hardy Weinberg, Natural selection, Stabilising selection, Directional selection, Disruptive selection, Speciation (allopatric, sympatric), Reproductive isolation mechanisms

> SECTION 14.4

Evolution has resulted in different species of organisms. They are classified into five kingdoms

Species, Nomenclature, Binomial, Levels of Taxons, Five Kingdoms: Prokaryotae, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

> SECTION 14.5

The concept of an ecosystem

Ecosystem, Community, Population, Habitat, Environment, Niche, Investigating variation, Frame quadrates, Line transects, Mark-release-recapture, Diversity, Abiotic and biotic factors, Succession

> SECTION 14.6

Photosynthesis uses energy from sunlight to synthesise organic molecules from inorganic sources

Chloroplast, Leaf structure (internal, external), Biochemistry of photosynthesis, Chemiosmosis

> SECTION 14.7

Energy is transferred through food chains and food webs
in a community

Pyramid of number, biomass, and energy; Energy efficiency, Food chains and webs

> SECTION 14.8

Respiration produces ATP which is the immediate form of energy

Biochemistry of respiration, Glycolysis, Link reaction, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain, Substrate-level phosphorylation, Anaerobic respiration, Aerobic respiration,
ATP, Brown fat

> SECTION 14.9

Decomposition and recycling maintain the balance of
nutrients in an ecosystem

Nutrient cycles: carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle

> SECTION 14.10

Human activity can impose far-reaching effects on an ecosystem. There is a potential conflict of interest between production and conservation

Deforestation, Affects on nitrogen and carbon cycle, Conservation of forests