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Cell Types

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Cells are structural and functional units
Small cells: bigger surface area per volume → allows exchange of more nutrients/waste
Large cells: smaller surface area per volume → problems to transport waste out of cell
More nutrients → more waste

Table 1-10-1: Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Feature	Prokaryotic (bacteria)	Eukaryotic (plant/animal/fungi)
Size	Small cells - 5µm	Large cells - 50µm
Capsule (protection)	Present	Absent
Cell wall	Present (peptidoglycan)	In fungi (chitin) In plants (cellulose) NOT in animals
Plasma membrane	Present	Present
Cytoplasm - Chloroplast - Lysosomes - Golgi Apparatus - Endoplasmic Reticulum - Mitochondria - Ribosomes	Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Small ribosomes, always free in the cytoplasm	Only in plant cells Present Present Present Present Larger ribosomes free in cytoplasm and attached to rough ER
Nucleus - Nuclear envelope - Nucleoli - Chromosomes (DNA)	Absent \ Absent \ Absent Single and circular	Present \ Present \ Present Many and linear
Centriole (for mitosis)	Absent	Only in animal cells