The Body and its Diseases

This unit covers the respiratory disease Cystic Fibrosis and the major cardiovascular diseases, such as deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. The physiology (what is the normal body function) is covert first and then applied to the respective disease.

SECTION 3.1.1

We are what we eat - the biochemical basis of life is similar for all living organisms

1) Balanced Diet

Keywords: Energy balance, Basal metabolic rate, Starvation, Fibres, Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Mineral ions, Healthy diet, Gut bacteria, Intestinal flora, Vitamin K, Probiotic drinks, Glycaemic index, Glycaemic load, Diet and disease, Processed foods, Food additives, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes, Isotonic sports drinks, Lucozade

2) Food molecules

Keywords: Monomer, Condensation, Hydrolysis, Peptide bond, Glycosidic bond, Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Lipids, Triglycerides, Fatty acids, Proteins, Tertiary structure, Denaturation, Digestion, Chromatography

SECTION 3.1.2

Enzymes - fast, specific catalysts

1) Enzymes

SECTION 3.1.3

Cystic fibrosis - just one small change in a protein

1) The Lungs

Keywords: Lung structure, Trachea, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Goblet cells, Mucus, Cilia, Breathing, Diaphragm, Alveolar gas exchange, Fick's law

2) Cell Function

Keywords: Fluid mosaic model, Passive transport, Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis, Water potential, Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Isotonic, Active transport, ATP, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Mitochondria

3) Cystic Fibrosis

Keywords: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, Mucus, Cilia, Antibiotics, Pancreatitis, Sweat, Treatment

SECTION 3.1.4

Microorganisms use us for food, shelter and their reproduction

1) Bacteria & Viruses

Keywords: Optimum conditions, Aerobic, Anaerobic, Prokaryotes, Peptidoglycan, Plasmid, Eukaryotes, Salmonella, Vibrio cholera, Mycobacterium, Tuberculosis, Tubercles, Antibiotics, Penicillin, MRSA, Drug resistance, Koch's Postulates, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, AIDS, HIV infection

SECTION 3.1.5

How the body fights infectious disease

1) Immune System

Keywords: Antigen, Antibody, Phagocytosis, Memory cells, B Lymphocytes, Humoral Response, Plasma Cells, T Lymphocytes, Cellular response, Major Histocompability Complex, Artificial active immunity, Monoclonal antibodies, Hybridoma, Pregnancy test, Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

SECTION 3.1.6

Some diseases are closely linked to life-style

1) Circulation

Keywords: Atrium, Ventricle, Tricuspid, Mitral, Aortic valve, Cordae tendinae, Cardiac Cycle, Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Systole, Diastole, Pacemaker, Sinus node, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibres, Heart rate, Pressure changes, Blood vessels, Arteries, Veins

2) Heart Disease

Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Aneurysm, Atheroma, Angina, Myocardial infarction, Heart failure, Lifestyle, Cholesterol, Plaque, Low Density Lipoprotein, High Density Lipoprotein, Smoking, Angioplasty, Heart Bypass, Prevention, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Blood clot, Heparin, Warfarin

3) Oedema

Keywords: Capillaries, Hydrostatic pressure, Water potential, Blood plasma, Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen, Interstital space, Capillary permeability, Inflammation, Osmotic pressure, Protein, Lymph vessels